Gary Klein

Psychologist, naturalistic decision making researcher

Frameworks
1
Problems
1
Recordings
1
Updated

Key ideas

Focus

When you have too many ideas

Decision Making

The Premortem

Declare the plan already failed, give everyone two minutes alone to write why, and have the leader name a real flaw first.

It's not an issue of what can go wrong. We're dealing with a crystal ball that has showed that the plan has failed.
Klein, on the most common mistake Watch at 59:56
Read the framework

Disagreements

Does a premortem change the plan?

Gary Klein

built the premortem to fix the plan at kickoff: the failure list cuts the team's overconfidence, and a closing two-minute round on what each person will do leaves a stronger plan and a more resilient team.

Annie Duke

counters that running a premortem rarely changes the plan much, and that its real output is kill criteria: the signals that mean stop, each tied to an action before anyone is invested.

From The Premortem

Sources